How do I transpose a song to another key?
Count the semitone distance between old and new key, then shift every note and chord by that distance. C to E♭ is +3 semitones, so C→E♭, F→A♭, G→B♭, Am→Cm. Chord qualities never change - a minor seventh stays a minor seventh; only the letter names move.
How does a capo transpose a guitar?
Each capo fret raises everything one semitone while your hands keep playing the same shapes. Playing G-shape chords with a capo at fret 3 sounds in B♭. To play in a target key with open shapes: capo fret = semitones from the shape key up to the target key. The calculator's capo row shows this for the common shape keys.
Why does a B♭ trumpet read different notes than the piano?
Transposing instruments read music written in a different key so that fingerings stay consistent across the instrument family. When a B♭ trumpet plays its written C, concert pitch (what you actually hear) is B♭ - a whole step lower. To write for one: notate a major second above concert pitch. E♭ instruments are written a major sixth above; F instruments a perfect fifth above.
Does transposing change the melody?
The intervals - and therefore the melody's shape and harmony - stay identical; only the absolute pitch changes. Listeners without absolute pitch perceive the same song. The practical constraints are range (does it still fit the singer/instrument?) and idiom (open guitar chords, open strings, and horn registers all favor certain keys).