Reading the picture
Horizontal lines are sustained tones - a line at 50/60 Hz that runs the whole file is mains hum; thin lines high up are electronic whines. Vertical stripes are clicks and transients. A hard ceiling where all energy stops (commonly 15-16 kHz) is the fingerprint of lossy encoding - the fastest way to catch a fake "lossless" file. Stacked parallel lines are harmonics: voice, strings, brass - each instrument's spacing and brightness pattern is its timbre made visible.
For a live spectrogram of your microphone, use the spectrum analyzer; to measure the file's loudness numbers, the audio analyzer; and to learn the frequency map itself, the frequency chart guide.